The Effects of Deforestation- IELTS Reading Answers

The reading passage contains the following question types,

• Matching Heading
• Summary Completion

Matching Headings 

There will be a set of statements that should be matched to a certain paragraph for the matching heading kind of question. The test-taker must first analyse the statement, identify the paraphrase, locate the keyword in the paragraph, and choose the relevant answer. The matching heading assesses a test-taker’s ability to understand the main theme of the passage.

Summary Completion 

In the summary completion type of questions, there will be a summary of a section of the passage and the test-taker is required to complete the summary with information drawn from the reading passages. The test-taker should fill the blank spaces with the number of words mentioned in the instruction box.

Answers

14 Answer: x

Question type: Matching Heading

Answer location: Paragraph B

Answer explanation: The suitable heading for paragraph B is x – Flood Risks because the introductory line of paragraph B illustrates the 5 million people living in areas regarded at risk of flooding in England and Wales. So, the answer is x.

15 Answer: i

Question type: Matching Heading

Answer location: Paragraph C

Answer explanation: Paragraph C illustrates the truth that forests are essential to the atmospheric balance of the planet and human well-being. The paragraph also highlights the critical issue of global warming, which poses a threat to the planet and the fact that deforestation accounts for 15% of all greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, we conclude that paragraph C demonstrates the atmospheric impacts. So, the appropriate heading is i – Atmospheric impacts.

16 Answer: iii

Question type: Matching Heading

Answer location: Paragraph D, line 3

Answer explanation: The third line of paragraph D suggests that according to the research, an island that once had more than 15,000 people today has two-three thousand people who have survived on the island without trees. Various archaeological evidence proves that rampant deforestation not only led to the depletion of all the natural resources from the island but also greatly affected the number of people who survived on that island. Therefore, the suitable heading for paragraph D is iii – No trees, less people.

17 Answer: v

Question type: Matching Heading

Answer location: Paragraph E, line 1 & line 4

Answer explanation: If we read through the first line in paragraph E, we deduce that forest management is essential to ensure that stocks are not depleted and whatever is cut down is replaced. The following fourth line states that consumer awareness is vital because simple changes in consumer activity can make a huge difference. Hence we understand that consumers must be conscious of taking care of the forests to bring a huge difference. Thus, v – Look after the forests is a relevant heading to Paragraph E.

18 Answer: ii

Question type: Matching Heading

Answer location: Paragraph F

Answer explanation: When we go through paragraph F, we come to the conclusion that Japan is most often used as a model of perfect forest management. Here, “used as a model” refers to an example and “perfect” refers to ideal. Therefore, ii – Ideal Forestry management example is an appropriate answer for Paragraph F.

19 Answer: xi

Question type: Matching Heading

Answer location: Paragraph G, line 3

Answer explanation: In the third line of paragraph G, it is mentioned that, x

“There is still a high demand for wood products in the country, and the majority of these resources are simply imported from other, poorer nations. Indonesia is a prime example of a country that has lost large swaths of its forest cover due to foreign demand from countries like Japan. This is in addition to other issues such as poor domestic forest management, weaker laws and local corruption. Located around the Equator, Indonesia has an ideal climate for the rainforest. Sadly much of this natural resource is lost every year. Forest cover is now down to less than 51% from 65.4% in 1990. This alone is proof that more needs to be done globally to manage forests.”

Hence, we infer from the quoted lines that Indonesia is at higher risk, as it has lost a major portion of its forest cover due to Japan’s demand for wood products, and it has a range of complex issues that make it poor. Furthermore, Indonesia has lost much of its natural resources, such as its forest cover, which is now less than 51%. Therefore, the suitable answer for paragraph G is xi – Poorer nations at higher risk.

20 Answer: viii

Question type: Matching Heading

Answer location: Paragraph H, line 1

Answer explanation: After reading paragraph H, we understand that China has taken the lead in restoring its forests in recent years since the Chinese government launched the Three-North Shelter Forest Program in 1978 with the goal of completing the planting of a 2,800-mile-long green wall by 2050. Thus, the suitable heading for paragraph H is viii- Replanting forests.

21 Answer: 5 million

Question type: Summary Completion

Answer location: Paragraph B, line 2

Answer explanation: We can trace the information in Paragraph B, which illustrates that 5 million people are living in areas considered to be at risk of flooding in England and wales. On the other hand, Britain is witnessing increased rainfalls due to global warming and deforestation. Therefore, the answer that fits the sentence is 5 million.

22 Answer: store

Question type: Summary Completion

Answer location: Paragraph B, line 5

Answer explanation: It is clearly mentioned in the fifth line of paragraph B that trees catch and store water to hold the soil together to prevent erosion. Thus, the answer is store.

23 Answer: landslides

Question type: Summary Completion

Answer location: Paragraph B, line 6

Answer explanation: If we scan the 6th line in paragraph B, we can understand that the land is easily eroded with the removal of trees, increasing the risk of landslides. Thus, the answer is landslides.

24 Answer: emissions

Question type: Summary Completion

Answer location: Paragraph C, line 2 & 3

Answer explanation: The statement is supported by references in the 2nd and 3rd line in Paragraph C, which illustrates that scientists agree that global warming is a real and serious threat to the planet, with deforestation accounting for 15% of all greenhouse gas emissions. Hence, we conclude that deforestation also affects global warming by contributing 15% of the greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, the answer is emissions.

25 Answer: management

Question type: Summary Completion

Answer location: Paragraph E

Answer explanation: If we read paragraph E thoroughly, we can infer that forestry management is highly important to ensure that stocks are not depleted and that trees that have been chopped down are replanted. So, the answer that best fits, in summary, is management.

26 Answer: reverse

Question type: Summary Completion

Answer location: Paragraph H, line 7

Answer explanation: Paragraph H demonstrates China leading the way by replenishing its forests. In the seventh line, it is mentioned that the forested land in China increased from 17% to 22% in 2015, making it one of the few emerging countries to reverse the negative trend. Thus, the reverse is the appropriate answer suiting the sentence.

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