Corporate social Responsibility – a new concept of “market”, Photovoltaics on the rooftop, Assessing the risk Reading Answers
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The IELTS Reading passage, Corporate Social Responsibility – a new concept of “market”, along with the other two Academic passages – Photovoltaics on the rooftop and Assessing the risk make this a complete Reading practice test.
You will have 60 minutes to complete the whole test, which consists of 40 questions in total.
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Here are the question types in this reading test
Reading Passage 1 (Corporate Social Responsibility):
- Matching information,
- Multiple Choice Questions
Reading Passage 2 (Photovoltaics on the rooftop):
- Matching information,
- True/False/Not Given Questions,
Reading Passage 2 (Assessing the risk):
- True/False/Not Given Questions,
- Summary Completion,
- Multiple Choice Questions
Section 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on the Reading Passage below.
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Corporate Social Responsibility – a new concept of “market”
Questions 1-4
The reading Passage has seven paragraphs A-H.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter A-G, in boxes 1-4 your answer sheet.
1 An action is taken to Establishing social responsibility in the conservation project
2 A description of the conventional way the ads applied to talk to its customers
3 A history of a humble origin and expansion
4 Management practices are intended to line up the company’s goal with participants, prosperity
Questions 5-7
Choose the three correct letter, A- F.
Write your answers in boxes 5-7 on your answer sheet.
What is true about Ben & Jerry’s company management
A There was little difference between the highest salary and the lowest
B They were advertising their product with powerful internal marketing.
C They offer the employee complimentary product
D Employees were encouraged to give services back to the community
E the products are designed for workers to barter for other goods and services
F offered a package of benefits for disabled employees
Questions 8-10
Choose the three correct letter, A- F.
Write your answers in boxes 8-10 on your answer sheet.
What are the factors once contributed to the success of the BODY SHOP?
A Pioneering the natural-ingredient cosmetics market
B Appealed to primary market mainly of the rich women
C Focused on their lavish ads campaign
D The company avoided producing traditional cosmetics products
E Its moral concept that refuses to use animals- tested ingredients
F Its monetary donations to the communities and in developing countries
Questions 11-13
Choose the three correct letter, A- F.
Write your answers in boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet.
What are the factors leading to the later failure for BODY SHOP company?
A Its philosophy that there is real beauty in everyone is faulty
B Fails to fulfil promises while acted like misleading the public
C Faced growing competition
D Its creating demand for something that the customers do not actually need
E its newer, fresher Brands are not successful in the Market
F fail to offer cosmetics at lower prices than competitors
Section 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on the Reading Passage below.
Find the practice test with the Photovoltaics on the rooftop PDF here.
Photovoltaics on the rooftop: A natural choice for powering the family home
Questions 14-19
Reading passage 2 has nine paragraphs(listed A-H)
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the appropriate letters A-H in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet.
NB you may use any letter more than once
14 examples of countries where electricity use is greater during the day than at night
15 a detailed description of an experiment that led to photovoltaics being promoted throughout the country
16 the negative effects of using conventional means of generating electricity
17 an explanation of the photovoltaic system
18 the long-term benefits of using photovoltaics
19 a reference to wealthy countries being prepared to help less wealthy countries have access to photovoltaics
Questions 20-26
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?
In boxes 20-26 on your answer sheet, write
| TRUE | if the statement is true |
| FALSE | if the statement is false |
| NOT GIVEN | if the information is not given in the passage |
20 Photovoltaics are used to store electricity.
21 Since the 1970s，the US government has provided continuous support for the use of photovoltaics on homes.
22 The solar-powered houses on Rokko Island are uninhabited.
23 In 1994, the Japanese government was providing half the money required for installing photovoltaics on homes.
24 Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Australia all have strict goals concerning greenhouse gas emissions.
25 Residential electricity use is the major source of greenhouse gas emission.
26. Energy-saving measures must now be included in the design of all new homes and improvements to buildings.
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Section 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on the Reading Passage below.
Find the practice test with the Assessing the risk PDF here.
Assessing the risk
Questions 27-32
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?
| TRUE | if the statement is true |
| FALSE | if the statement is false |
| NOT GIVEN | if the information is not given in the passage |
27 The title of the debate is not unbiased.
28 All the scientists invited to the debate were from the field of medicine.
29 The message those scientists who conducted the survey were sending was people shouldn’t take risks.
30 All the 40 listed technologies are riskier than other technologies.
31 It was worth taking the risks to invent antibiotics.
32 All the other inventions on the list were also judged by the precautionary principle.
Questions 33-39
Summary
Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage， using no more than three words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 33-39 on your answer sheet.
When applying the precautionary principle to decide whether to invent a new technology, people should also take into consideration the……………. 33…………….. ，along with the usual consideration of…………………… 34………………. For example, though risky and dangerous enough, people still enjoy …………………… 35…………….. for the excitement it provides. On the other hand, experts believe that future population desperately needs………………… 36……………… in spite of their undefined risks. However, the researches conducted so far have not been directed towards increasing the yield of…………………… 37…………….. ，but to reduce the cost of ………………. 38…………… and to bring more profit out of it. In the end, such selfish use of the precautionary principle for business and political gain has often led people to ………………….. 39…………….. science for they believe scientists are not to be trusted.
Questions 40
Choose the correct letter, A，B，C or D.
Write your answers in boxes 40 on your answer sheet.
40 What is the main theme of the passage?
A people have the right to doubt science and technologies
B the precautionary principle could have prevented the development of science and technology
C there are not enough people who truly understand the precautionary principle
D the precautionary principle bids us take risks at all costs
Answer Keys
Reading Passage 1
1.
Answer: D
Question Type: Matching Information
Answer location: Paragraph D, line 4
Answer explanation: In the said paragraph, it is mentioned that “the company is known for pioneering the natural-ingredient cosmetic market and establishing social responsibility as an integral part of company operations. The Body Shop is known for its ethical stances, such as its monetary donations to the communities in which it operates, and its business partnerships with developing countries.” The Body Shop company is contributing to society by making monetary donations.
2.
Answer: F
Question Type: Matching Information
Answer location: Paragraph F, line 6
Answer explanation: The answer is clearly mentioned in the said paragraph and line. You must note the paraphrasing here. In the passage, it is said that “companies like the Body Shop continually hype their products through advertising and marketing, often creating a demand for something where a real need for it does not exist.” The conventional way Body Shop applied ads (advertising and marketing) to talk to its customers is by creating hype about their products in the market.
3.
Answer: C
Question Type: Matching Information
Answer location: Paragraph C, line 1
Answer explanation: You can note the paraphrasing here. In the passage, it states that“history of The Body Shop Anita Roddick started The Body Shop with a mere £4,000 and a dream. With over 1,900 stores in 50 countries. The Body Shop was founded in 1976 in Brighton, England. From her original shop, which offered a line of 25 different lotions, creams, and oils, Roddick became the first successful marketer of body care products that combined natural ingredients with ecologically-benign manufacturing processes.” From this information, we can see the history of The Body Shop company started by Anita Roddick and its humble origin from Brighton, England to its expansion with over 1,900 stores in 50 countries.
4.
Answer: B
Question Type: Matching Information
Answer location: Paragraph B, line 3
Answer explanation: In the said paragraph, you can refer to, “these contributions are intended to achieve the company’s goal of linked prosperity, i.e. to assure that future prosperity is widely shared by all employees.” The term company’s goal of linked prosperity can be inferred as a management practice where employees are shared the profits.
5.
Answer: C (C,E, F: in any order)
Question Type: Multiple Choice Questions
Answer location: Paragraph A, line 1
Answer explanation: If you read thoroughly, there’s a line in the said paragraph that describes “Ben & Jerry’s offers a very sweet benefits package to employees. First, every one of the 700+ Ben & Jerry’s workers is entitled to three free pints of ice cream, sorbet or frozen yogurt per day worked. (Some workers use allotments of their free treats to barter for other goods and services in town such as haircuts.)” Since every one of the 700+ Ben & Jerry’s workers is entitled to three free pints and some employees use free treats to barter for other goods and services, we can deduce that Ben & Jerry offer the employee complimentary product.
6.
Answer: E (C,E, F: in any order)
Question Type: Multiple Choice Questions
Answer location: Paragraph A, line 2
Answer explanation: A line in the paragraph denotes “some workers use allotments of their free treats to barter for other goods and services in town such as haircuts.” Since employees are using their free treats to barter for other goods and services, we can infer that they are designed in such a manner that workers can use the facility this way.
7.
Answer: F (C,E, F: in any order)
Question Type: Multiple Choice Questions
Answer location: Paragraph A, line 1
Answer explanation: A line in the said paragraph infers that “Ben & Jerry’s offers a very sweet benefits package to employees.” From this information, we can deduce option C (they offer the employee complimentary product) and option E (the products are designed for workers to barter for other goods and services) is already discussed above. Option A, on the other hand, is not correct because it is nowhere mentioned about the difference between the highest salary and the lowest. Since the passage discusses how Ben & Jerry’s offers a very sweet benefits package to employees, and does not discuss how they advertise their products, we can infer that option B (they were advertising their product with powerful internal marketing) is also incorrect. Lastly, option D (employees were encouraged to give services back to the community) is also incorrect because this paragraph talks about the types of benefits offered to employees, not to the kind of services offered by them to the community. Hence, option F is correct because it is mentioned that Ben & Jerry’s offers a very sweet benefits package to employees. Since the type of employees are not specified, it can also include disabled employees.
8.
Answer: A (A, E, F: in any order)
Question Type: Multiple Choice Questions
Answer location: Paragraph D, line 4
Answer explanation: If you observe, in the said paragraph to the fact that “the company is known for pioneering the natural-ingredient cosmetic market and establishing social responsibility as an integral part of company operations.” This information confirms that one of the factor that contributed to success of the body shop company is pioneering the natural-ingredient cosmetics market.
9.
Answer: E (A, E, F: in any order)
Question Type: Multiple Choice Questions
Answer location: Paragraph C, line 5
Answer explanation: Paragraph C puts forward the information that “her company’s refusal to test products on animals, along with an insistence on nonexploitative labour practices among suppliers around the world, appealed especially to upscale, mainly middle-class women, who were and have continued to be the company’s primary market.” Since the body shop company refused to test products on animals, it shows their moral concept that they won’t use animals- tested ingredients.
10.
Answer: F (A, E, F: in any order)
Question Type: Multiple Choice Questions
Answer location: Paragraph D, line 5
Answer explanation: If you read thoroughly, a line in the passage specifies that “the Body Shop is known for its ethical stances, such as its monetary donations to the communities in which it operates, and its business partnerships with developing countries.” Hence, from this information we can confirm that the Body Shop is known for its monetary donations to the communities and in developing countries.
11.
Answer: B (B, C, D: in any order)
Question Type: Multiple Choice Questions
Answer location: Paragraph F, last line
Answer explanation: If you read clearly, in the given passage it is given that “other downfall factors also include misleading the public, low pay and against unions, exploiting indigenous people; Also the mass production, packaging and transportation of huge quantities of goods are using up the world’s resources faster than they can be renewed and filling the land, sea and air with dangerous pollution and waste.” Hence, one of the factor that led to downfall (failure) of the body shop company was misleading the public by making wrong promises.
12.
Answer: C (B, C, D: in any order)
Question Type: Multiple Choice Questions
Answer location: Paragraph E, line 1
Answer explanation: The opening line of paragraph E puts forward the information that “by the mid-1990s, however, The Body Shop faced growing competition, forcing it to begin its first major advertising initiative, the most prominent part of which was the “Ruby” campaign. The campaign was personified by Ruby, a doll with Rubenesque proportions who was perched on an antique couch and who looked quite pleased with herself and her plump frame.” Hence, this line confirms that the body shop comapny faced growing competition which ultimately resulted to its failure.
13.
Answer: D (B, C, D: in any order)
Question Type: Multiple Choice Questions
Answer location: Paragraph F, line 7
Answer explanation: If you read thoroughly, there’s a line that claims, “companies like the Body Shop continually hype their products through advertising and marketing, often creating a demand for something where a real need for it does not exist. The message pushed is that the route to happiness is through buying more and more of their products.” Through advertising and marketing the Body Shop was trying to created a demand for something that the customers did not actually need.
Reading Passage 2
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14.
Answer: B
Question Type: Matching Information
Answer location: Paragraph B, line 3
Answer explanation: Few lines in said paragraph discusses that “during the day, when the home may not be using much electricity, excess power from the solar array is fed back to the grid, to factories and offices that need daytime power.” Also, it is given that “this occurs in places like California in the US and Japan, where air-conditioning loads for offices and factories are large but heating loads for homes are small.” If offices and factories were using more electricity during the day time that means the consumption of electricity is greater (in factories) during the day than at night in countries like California in the US and Japan.
15.
Answer: D
Question Type: Matching Information
Answer location: Paragraph D, 2nd last line
Answer explanation: In the said paragraph, refer that, “this test station has allowed the technical issues involved in using photovoltaics within the electricity network to be explored systematically, under well-controlled test conditions. With no insurmountable problems identified, the Japanese have used the experience gained from this station to begin their own massive residential photovoltaics campaign.” In Japan the photovoltaics is explored and systematic testing is being done. From the knowledge gained, massive residential photovoltaics campaign are conducted.
16.
Answer: H
Question Type: Matching Information
Answer location: Paragraph H, line 2
Answer explanation: Paragraph H puts forward the idea that “the use of photovoltaics or the equivalent may be stipulated to lessen demands on the grid network and hence reduce fossil fuel emissions. Approvals for building renovations may also be conditional upon taking such energy-saving measures.” Since photovoltaics are getting introduced to lessen the demand of the fossil fuel emissions and make energy saving efficient, we can infer that the conventional means of generating electricty can cause burning of fossil fuel and consumes high energy.
17.
Answer: B
Question Type: Matching Information
Answer location: Paragraph B, line 1
Answer explanation: In the reference paragraph, the author mentions that “the photovoltaics-powered home remains connected to the power lines, but no storage is required on-site, only a box of electronics (the inverter) to the interface between the photovoltaics and the grid network.” This line from the passage explains how photovoltaic system works.
18.
Answer: H
Question Type: Matching Information
Answer location: Paragraph H, line 1
Answer explanation: Few lines in the said paragraph discuss that “it is likely that in the future, governments will develop building codes that attempt to constrain the energy demands of new housing.” Since line points towards the future plans of goverment for photovoltaic system, we can infer that it is discussing of the long-term benefits of using photovoltaics.
19.
Answer: E
Question Type: Matching Information
Answer location: Paragraph E, line 2
Answer explanation: In the said paragraph, you can find out that “the program proved immensely popular, forcing its extension to over 2,000 homes scattered across Germany. The success of this program stimulated other European countries to launch a similar program.” A reference to wealthy countries being prepared can be observed from the information that the program is forced to its extension to over 2,000 homes scattered across Germany, which will ultimatly help less wealthy countries (stimulated other European countries) have access to photovoltaics.
20.
Answer: FALSE
Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions
Answer location: Paragraph B, line 1
Answer explanation: A line in the reference paragraph states that “the photovoltaics-powered home remains connected to the power lines, but no storage is required on-site, only a box of electronics (the inverter) to the interface between the photovoltaics and the grid network. Figure 1 illustrates the system.” From this line, we can confirm that it is not required to store electricity in a photovoltaics system.
21.
Answer: FALSE
Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions
Answer location: Paragraph C, line 1, and last line
Answer explanation: A line in the reference paragraph suggests that “The first systematic exploration of the use of photovoltaics on homes began in the US during the 1970s. These stations contained a number of ‘dummy’ houses, each with different solar-energy system designs.” Also, “a change in US government priorities in the early 1980s halted this program.” Since the US government halted the program in the 1980s, it would be incorrect to say that the US government has provided ongoing continuous support for the use of photovoltaics on homes.
22.
Answer: TRUE
Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions
Answer location: Paragraph D, line 2
Answer explanation: At the beginning of paragraph D it is given that “with the US effort dropping away, the Japanese Sunshine Project came to the fore. A large residential test station was installed on Rokko Island beginning in 1986. This installation consists of 18 ‘dummy5 homes.” Since there were 18 dummy homes in Rokko Island we can infer that the solar-powered houses on Rokko Island are uninhabited.
23.
Answer: TRUE
Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions
Answer location: Paragraph F, 2nd last line
Answer explanation: Paragraph F infers that “the program made a modest start in 1994 when 539 systems were installed with a government subsidy of 50 per cent.” Hence, it is true that in 1994, the Japanese government was providing half the money required for (modest start) installing photovoltaics on homes.
24.
Answer: NOT GIVEN
Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions
Answer location: N/A
Answer explanation: None of the passages confirms or denies that Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Australia all have strict goals concerning greenhouse gas emissions.
25.
Answer: NOT GIVEN
Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions
Answer location: N/A
Answer explanation: None of the passages confirms or denies that residential electricity use is the major source of greenhouse gas emission.
26.
Answer: FALSE
Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions
Answer location: Paragraph H, 2nd last line
Answer explanation: In the said paragraph, you can find out that “approvals for building renovations may also be conditional upon taking such energy-saving measures. If this were to happen, everyone would benefit. Although there is an initial cost in attaching the system to the rooftop, the householder’s outlay is soon compensated with the savings on energy bills.” Here, the author suggests how a renovation can help people. However, in the question, it is mentioned that energy-saving measures may now be included (not should be) in the design of all new homes and improvements to buildings.
Reading Passage 3
27.
Answer: TRUE
Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions
Answer location: Paragraph A, line 1
Answer explanation: The opening line of paragraph A suggests that “as a title for a supposedly unprejudiced debate on scientific progress, “Panic attack: interrogating our obsession with risk” did not bode well.” The debate is actually prejudiced but they want to make it seem like unbiased. Since the title does not fit, it means it is showing the real intent of the debate (prejudiced). So the title is biased.
28.
Answer: NOT GIVEN
Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions
Answer location: N/A
Answer explanation: None of the passages confirms or denies that all the scientists invited to the debate were from the field of medicine.
29.
Answer: FALSE
Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions
Answer location: Paragraph B, last line
Answer explanation: If you read thoroughly, a line in the said paragraph discusses that “in short, their message was: no risk, no gain.” Since scientists suggested that no risk means no gain, we can deduce that scientists who conducted the survey did not suggest that people shouldn’t take risks.
30.
Answer: NOT GIVEN
Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions
Answer location: N/A
Answer explanation: None of the passages confirms or denies that all the 40 listed technologies are riskier than other technologies.
31.
Answer: TRUE
Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions
Answer location: Paragraph F, last line
Answer explanation: A line in the said paragraph states that “of course, antibiotics were a priority. Of course, the risks, such as they could be perceived, were worth taking.” Hence, this line confirms that it was worth taking the risks to invent antibiotics.
32.
Answer: NOT GIVEN
Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions
Answer location: N/A
Answer explanation: None of the passages confirms or denies that all the other inventions on the list were also judged by the precautionary principle.
33.
Answer: consumer’s right
Question Type: Summary Completion
Answer location: Paragraph H, line 4
Answer explanation: A line in the given paragraph suggests that “a crucial issue is the consumer’s choice. In deciding whether to pursue the development of new technology, the consumer’s right to choose should be considered alongside considerations of risk and benefit. Clearly, skiing is more dangerous than genetically modified tomatoes.” Hence, when assessing risk, statistics aren’t the only aspect to consider. Apart from statistics, another factor to examine is consumer choice, or the right of consumers to make their own decisions.
34.
Answer: risk and benefit
Question Type: Summary Completion
Answer location: Paragraph H, line 3
Answer explanation: A line in the said paragraph states that “a crucial issue is the consumer’s choice. In deciding whether to pursue the development of new technology, the consumer’s right to choose should be considered alongside considerations of risk and benefit.” Besides taking into consideration the consumer’s right, risk and benefit that comes alongside should also be considered.
35.
Answer: Skiing
Question Type: Summary Completion
Answer location: Paragraph H, line 6
Answer explanation: The answer is clearly mentioned in the said paragraph and line. You must note the paraphrasing here. In the passage, it is said that “clearly, skiing is more dangerous than genetically modified tomatoes. But people who ski choose to do so; they do not have skiing thrust upon them by portentous experts of the kind who now feel they have the right to reconstruct our crops.” According to this information, even though skiing is considered dangerous (risky) people still enojy skiing.
36.
Answer: GM crops
Question Type: Summary Completion
Answer location: Paragraph I, line 1
Answer explanation: At the beginning of paragraph I it is given that “indeed, in contrast to all the other items on Spiked’s list, GM crops stand out as an example of a technology whose benefits are far from clear. Some of the risks can at least be defined.” Hence, experts suggeststhat future population need GM crops because of its benefits inspite of its risks.
37.
Answer: wheat and rice
Question Type: Summary Completion
Answer location: Paragraph I, 2nd last line
Answer explanation: If you read thoroughly, a line in the said paragraph discusses that “the crops that really matter are wheat and rice, and there is no GM research in the pipeline that will seriously affect the yield of either.” GM research has not affectly worked on the yield of crops such as wheat and rice.
38.
Answer: production
Question Type: Summary Completion
Answer location: Paragraph I, last line
Answer explanation: The answer is clearly mentioned in the said paragraph and line. You must note the paraphrasing here. In the passage, it is said that “GM is used to make production cheaper and hence more profitable, which is an extremely questionable ambition.” The GM researches are directed towards bringing about a reduction in the cost of (cheaper) production.
39.
Answer: mistrust
Question Type: Summary Completion
Answer location: Paragraph J, line 3
Answer explanation: A line in the given paragraph suggests that “people at large continue to mistrust science and the high technologies it produces partly because they doubt the wisdom of scientists.” Hence, we can infer that people mistrust scientists because of their selfish use of the precautionary principle for business and political gain.
40.
Answer: A
Question Type: Multiple Choice Questions
Answer location: Complete passage
Answer explanation: In the complete passage, it is said that the author discusses how science may be questioned and that people have the freedom to do so.
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